{"id":1517,"date":"2006-11-07T14:55:05","date_gmt":"2006-11-07T06:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihower.idv.tw\/blog\/archives\/1517"},"modified":"2015-10-16T00:59:13","modified_gmt":"2015-10-15T16:59:13","slug":"http-connection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/1517-http-connection","title":{"rendered":"HTTP \u9023\u7dda\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u95dc\u65bc TCP \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c31\u4e0d\u591a\u8aaa\u4e86(\u56de\u53bb\u7ffb\u7db2\u8def\u6982\u8ad6\u5427)\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bcTCP\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff HTTP Performance ? \u627f<a href=\"\/blog\/archives\/1514\">\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7<\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5217\u51fa\u4e94\u9805 TCP\u00a0\u91cd\u9ede :<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5148\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u500b HTTP transaction \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u500b request command \u8ddf\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684 response result\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>TCP connection setup handshake<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u50b3\u8f38\u8cc7\u6599\u524d\uff0cTCP\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u767cSYN\u53ca\u7b49\u5f85SYN+ACK\u56de\u8986\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0f\u7684 HTTP transctions(\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684 HTTP request \u5982 GET \u7528\u4e00\u500b IP \u5c01\u5305\u5c31\u88dd\u7684\u4e0b\u4e86 ) \u82b1\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5c31\u4f54\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http1.jpg\" title=\"TCP connection setup handshake\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http1.jpg\" alt=\"http1.jpg\" id=\"image1518\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>TCP slow-start congestion control<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u5148\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u6162\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7b49\u6536\u5230\u4e0b\u500bACK\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u4e582\u52a0\u5feb\u76f4\u5230\u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>TCP&#8217;s delayed acknowledgment algorithm for piggybacked acknowledgments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70baACK\u5c01\u5305\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\uff0cTCP\u6703\u5f04\u500b buffer \u4f86\u8b93ACK\u7b49\u8457\u8ddf\u8cc7\u6599\u5c01\u5305\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u9001\uff0c\u82e5\u5728 100~200 milliseconds \u4e2d\u7b49\u4e0d\u5230\u624d\u6703ACK\u55ae\u7368\u767c\u9001\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5728HTTP\u7684 request-replay \u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e0b\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7b49\u5230\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u8cc7\u6599\u5c01\u5305\u8981\u9001\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u4e86HTTP\u91cd\u5927delay\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nagle&#8217;s algorithm for data aggregation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>TCP \u5141\u8a31\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u5305\u4e0d\u7528\u88dd\u6eff\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u9001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6703\u6709\u5c01\u5305\u5f88\u591a\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u767c\u751f\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u500b Nagle&#8217;s algorithm \u6703\u4f7f\u7528 buffer \u4f86\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u6eff\u4e86\u6216\u7b49\u5230\u5225\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u90fd\u6709\u4e86ACK\u56de\u8986\u6642\u624d\u767c\u9001\u5c01\u5305\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u6703\u8b93HTTP delay\u56e0\u70ba HTTP request \u5e38\u88dd\u4e0d\u6eff\u5440\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82e5\u9084\u6709 delayed ack algorithm \u7684\u8a71\u6703\u5f88\u7cdf(\u90a3\u908a\u4e5f\u7b49)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38HTTP application\u6703\u95dc\u9589\u9019\u500b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5( TCP_NODELAY )\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>TIME_WAIT delays and port exhaustion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u554f\u984c\u5728 benchmarking \u6642\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e38\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u6703\u6709\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5728\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4ecd\u6703\u4fdd\u7559\u7528\u904e\u7684\u96d9\u65b9 port \u8ddf IP \u7d00\u9304\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6709\u8ff7\u8def\u7684\u5c01\u5305\u9032\u4f86\uff0c\u6df7\u4e82\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540cPort\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u4fdd\u75592\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u7a31\u4f5c 2MSL\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728benchmarking\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6703\u5c0dserver port 80\u5efa\u7acb\u5f88\u591a\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u4f46\u662fclient\u7684ports\u6709\u9650(\u5c31\u8aaa 60000\u597d\u4e86)\uff0c\u800c\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u57282MSL\u5167\u4ecd\u6703\u4fdd\u7559port\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa 60000\/120 = 500 transactions\/sec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5feb\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u6e2c\u5230server\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u591a\u7528\u5e7e\u53f0client\u6216\u8b93server\u7528virtual IP\u4f86\u589e\u52a0connection\u7684\u7d44\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u8457\u8a0e\u8ad6HTTP\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u9053 HTTP \u5728<strong>\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u9130\u7684<\/strong> HTTP application \u4e2d\u6703\u7528\u00a0header \u7684 connect \u53c3\u6578\u4f86\u50b3\u905e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728hop-by-hop\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728forward\u4e4b\u524d\u9019\u500b\u53c3\u6578\u5fc5\u9808\u4fee\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTP \u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684delay\u5c31\u662f Serial Tansaction Delays \u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u5148\u8f09\u5165HTML\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u518d\u50b3\u5716\u7247\u4e00\u5716\u7247\u4e8c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5f88\u6162\u554a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u5e7e\u62db\u53ef\u4ee5\u8655\u7406 :<\/p>\n<p><strong>Parallel Connections<\/strong> : \u7528\u591a\u500b connections \u540c\u6b65\u767c\u9001 HTTP requests<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6536\u5230HTML\u9801\u9762\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u540c\u6642\u767c\u9001\u591a\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u62ff\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5982\u679cclient\u7684\u983b\u5bec\u4e0d\u5920\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7528\u9019\u62db\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6bd4\u8f03\u5feb\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u904e\u5927\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u4e5f\u8b93\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u5920\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5c0dserver\u4f86\u8aaa\u66f4\u4e0d\u6a02\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u8a2d\u6210\u6700\u591a4\u500b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14server\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u95dc\u9589\u7279\u5b9aclient\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http2.jpg\" title=\"Persistent Connections\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http2.jpg\" alt=\"http2.jpg\" id=\"image1519\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Persistent Connections<\/strong> : \u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528 TCP connections\u00a0\u964d\u4f4e connect\/close delay<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70baHTML\u8ddf\u5716\u7247\u5e38\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7ad9\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684 site locality\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64HTTP\/1.1\u5141\u8a31\u8de8HTTP transactions\u4fdd\u6301open\u72c0\u614b\u76f4\u5230client\u6216sever\u6c7a\u5b9aclose\u3002\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e TCP setup\u548c slow-start\u7684delay\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u5149\u6709 Parallel \u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u90fd\u9084\u6709TCP setup\u8ddfslow-start\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u7528Persistent\u4f86\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u62db\u7528\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u6d6a\u8cbb\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002Persistent\u53c8\u5206\u5169\u7a2e: HTTP\/1.0+ &#8220;keep-alive&#8221; \u8ddf HTTP\/1.1 &#8220;persistent&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/1.0+ (HTTP 1.0\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u64f4\u5145) \u7684 keep-alive \u5728 header \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Connection: Keep-Alive \u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21HTTP transaction\u4ecd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500bconnection\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4f46\u6c92\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8981 close connection(\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u500brequest\u8ddfrespond\u90fd\u8981\u6709 Connection: Keep-Alive \u624d\u884c)\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49client\u00a0\u6216 server\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u4fdd\u6301\u9023\u7dda\u3002\u53e6\u5916 Content-Length \u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6b63\u78ba\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n<p>keep-alive \u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728 Dumb proxy\uff0c\u5728\u820a\u578b\u6216\u7c21\u55ae\u7684proxy\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6703\u6709blind relays\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u66f8\u662f\u6709\u8a73\u52a0\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u7565\u904e\u3002\u91cd\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5728 HTTP\/1.0+ \u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u6c92\u6709 proxy \u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0ckeep-alive \u624d\u6703\u958b\u555f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>HTTP\/1.1 \u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5b9aPersistent\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9810\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f persistent connections\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ddfkeep-alive\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u5728 header \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Connection: close \u8868\u793a\u5c07\u95dc\u9589\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u8ab0\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u6536\u5230close\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624dclose\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd close\u3002\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u00a0Content-Langth \u8981\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5931\u6548\u3002HTTP\/1.1 proxy\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u652f\u63f4 persistent connections\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5c0d 1.0+ \u7684 keep-alive \u4f5c\u7528\u3002RFC\u898f\u683c\u4e2d\u55ae\u4e00client\u5c0d\u67d0server\u6216proxy<strong>\u6700\u591a\u5169\u500b persistent connections <\/strong>\u907f\u514dserver\u8ca0\u64d4(\u56e0\u6b64IE\u8ddfFirefox\u9810\u8a2d\u5c31\u662f2)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pipelined Connections<\/strong> : \u5728\u4e00\u500bconnection \u4e2d\u540c\u6b65\u767c\u9001 HTTP requests<\/p>\n<p>HTTP 1.1 \u5141\u8a31\u5728 persistent connections\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0Pipelining\uff0c\u5728 response \u56de\u4f86\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u767c\u9001\u591a\u500brequest\uff0c\u5728 high-latency \u7684\u7db2\u8def\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u9019\u9650\u5b9a\u5728 persistent \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14server\u7684 responses \u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u7167\u7576\u521d\u767c\u9001\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u56de\u5230client(\u56e0\u70baHTTP messages\u6c92\u6709\u8a18\u5e8f\u865f\u554a)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>piplelined\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6230\u5728\u65bcserver\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u6642\u9593\u4e2d\u65b7\u9023\u7dda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u9001\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4e32 requests \u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u5728\u767c\u9001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9brequest\u662f\u6709side-effects\u7684(\u65b0\u589e\u4fee\u6539\u7b49)\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u77e5server\u5df2\u7d93\u8655\u7406\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u9650\u5b9a\u5177\u6709 idempotent (\u7121side-effects) \u6027\u8cea\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 pipelined (\u5982GET,HEAD)\uff0c\u50cfPOST\u662f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u7528pipelined\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u9001 nonidempotent request \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u7b49\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6709request\u90fd\u6709response\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"lightbox\" href=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http3.jpg\" title=\"Pipelined,persistent Connections\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/11\/http3.jpg\" alt=\"http3.jpg\" id=\"image1520\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916 Connection Close \u53c8\u5206\u6210 full close \u8ddf half close\u3002\u70ba\u4e86Graceful Connection Close\uff0c\u6703\u5148\u95dc\u9589 output channel\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7b49\u5c0d\u65b9output\u4e5f\u95dc\u9589\u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u95dc\u9589\u81ea\u5df1\u7684input channel (\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u5566)\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u65b9\u9001request\u4f86\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u78b0\u5230sever\u7684 input channel\u00a0\u95dc\u9589\uff0cclient \u6703\u767c\u751fTCP RESET\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u8b93client<strong>\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u9084\u6c92\u8b80\u53d6\u7684 buffered data<\/strong>(\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u529f\u5f9eserver\u56de\u4f86\u4e86)\u00a0\uff0c\u9019\u5728pipelined\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u56b4\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u88dc\u5145\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u7bc7<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.ijliao.info\/archives\/2006\/10\/30\/2656\/#more-2656\">\u52a0\u901f\u6587<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8b70\u6253\u958b Pipelined : \u6211\u67e5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0bIE\u7cfb\u5217\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u4f5c\u9019\u500b\u529f\u80fd(\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u95dc\u9589)\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u4fdd\u5b88\u5427(\u6216\u662f\u5077\u61f6?)\uff0c\u5728Firefox\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9700\u624b\u52d5\u958b\u555f\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u98a8\u96aa\u5427(\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7db2\u7ad9GET\u4e5f\u662f\u6709side-effect\u554a\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u7db2\u7ad9\u958b\u767c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5805\u6301GET\u7684\u672c\u610f\u554a)\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u95dc\u65bcpipelines\u7684\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u65e9\u5728 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/Protocols\/HTTP\/Performance\/Pipeline.html\">1999\u5e74W3C<\/a> \u5c31\u6709\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u5feb\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u53c3\u8003\u9023\u7d50 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Wikipedia \u7684 <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HTTP_pipelining\">HTTP Pipelined<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mozilla \u7684 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/netlib\/http\/pipelining-faq.html\">HTTP Pipelined FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<li>IE Blog\u6c92\u627e\u5230\u6709\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ea\u5728<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.msdn.com\/ie\/archive\/2005\/04\/11\/407189.aspx\">\u9019\u7bc7\u7684comment<\/a>\u770b\u5230pipelined\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8a3b: \u672c\u6587\u63d2\u5716\u5f15\u7528\u81ea HTTP: The\u00a0Definitive Guide \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u7248\u6b0a\u5c6c\u65bc O&#8217;Reilly Media, Inc.\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u95dc\u65bc TCP \u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5c31\u4e0d\u591a\u8aaa\u4e86(\u56de\u53bb\u7ffb\u7db2\u8def\u6982\u8ad6\u5427)\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bcTCP\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff HTTP Performance  &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/1517-http-connection\" class=\"more-link\">\u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u3008HTTP \u9023\u7dda\u7ba1\u7406\u3009<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9,34,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-books","category-http","category-programming","entry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1q6tG-ot","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1517","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1517"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8357,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1517\/revisions\/8357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}