{"id":1543,"date":"2006-12-03T16:23:29","date_gmt":"2006-12-03T08:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihower.idv.tw\/blog\/archives\/1543"},"modified":"2015-09-05T10:49:28","modified_gmt":"2015-09-05T02:49:28","slug":"rails-restful-implement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/1543-rails-restful-implement","title":{"rendered":"Rails RESTful \u5be6\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Update<\/strong>(2006\/12\/4): \u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u4fee\u6539\u8ddf link_to \u7684 web accessibility \u88dc\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n

Update<\/strong>(2006\/12\/11): \u8acb\u63a5\u8457\u770b\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0b\u4e00\u96c6: Rails RESTful \u76f8\u95dc\u5de5\u5177<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

Rails RESTful \u7cfb<\/a> \u5217<\/a> \u5f48\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\uff0c\u6211\u60f3 David Heinemeier Hansson \u7684\u9019\u7bc7\u6295\u5f71\u7247\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u958b\u5834\u767d:\u00a0\u00a0Discovering a world of Resources on Rails<\/a><\/p>\n

\u672c\u4f86\u9019\u7bc7\u60f3\u5beb\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u9ede\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5f8c\u4f86\u6211\u767c\u73feAWDwR\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248<\/a>\u8b1b Resource-Based Routing \u7684\u9801\u6578\u9084\u4e0d\u5c11(\u5341\u5e7e\u9801\u5427\uff0c\u9084\u883b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684)\uff0c\u8981\u7528 Rails \u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u90fd\u53bb\u8cb7\u4e00\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u9019\u88e1\u5c31\u4e0d\u5de8\u7d30\u9761\u907a\u4e86… :p<\/p>\n

\u5728 Rails \u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u4f5c RESTful \u652f\u63f4\u7684? \u9996\u5148\u662f\u5728 Resource Routes \u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 routes.rb \u52a0\u5165<\/p>\n

map.resources :users<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u5c07\u5728\u81ea\u52d5\u5c0d\u61c9 URL\u8def\u5f91\u8ddf Controller \u7684 action \uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7d50\u679c :<\/p>\n

GET: \/users\u00a0=> [:action => ‘index’]
\nGET: \/users.xml => [:action => ‘index’, :format => ‘xml’]
\nGET: \/users\/1 => [:action => ‘show’, :id => 1]
\nGET: \/users\/1;edit => [:action => ‘edit’, :id => 1]
\nGET: \/users\/1.xml => [:action => ‘show’, :id => 1, :format => ‘xml’]
\nPOST: \/users => [:action => ‘create’]
\nPUT: \/users\/1 => [:action => ‘update’, :id => 1]
\nDELETE: \/users\/1 => [:action => ‘destroy’, :id => 1]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0named routes \u4f86\u5be6\u4f5c\u51fa verb-oriented controllers<\/strong>\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u500b resource \u6839\u64da HTTP verb \u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n

Resource method\u00a0\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e9b\u9032\u968e\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:<\/p>\n

map.resources :articles,
\n\u00a0 :collection => {:sort => :put}, #\u5ba2\u88fd method\u00a0\u7d66\u7fa4\u96c6\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u54ea\u7a2e HTTP verb ( :get\/:post\/:put\/:delete\u6216:any)
\n\u00a0 :member => {:deactivate => :delete},\u00a0# \u5ba2\u88fd method \u7d66\u67d0\u5143\u7d20
\n\u00a0 :new => {:preview => :post}, #\u5ba2\u88fd method \u7d66\u65b0\u5143\u7d20
\n\u00a0 :controller => ‘articles’, #\u6307\u5b9a Controller
\n\u00a0 :singular => ‘article’,\u00a0#\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u55ae\u6578
\n\u00a0 :path_prefix => ‘\/teams\/:team_id’,\u00a0#\u5728routes\u524d\u52a0\u4e0aroute variables\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002
\n\u00a0 :name_prefix => ‘my_’ #\u5728\u7522\u751f\u7684 helper \u524d\u52a0prefix\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5408 path_prefix \u6216 nested \u4f7f\u7528\u907f\u514d\u540d\u7a31\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 path_prefix \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u7528Nested \u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:<\/p>\n

map.resources :teams do |teams|
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 teams.resources :players
\nend\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u6548\u679c\u662f<\/p>\n

GET: \/teams\/13\/players\/1 => [:controller => ‘players’, :action => ‘show’, :team_id => 13, :id => 1]<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u61c9 routes \u7684 action \u7d66 Controller\uff0c\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b helpers \u7d66 views\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 (\u9019\u88e1\u7684team,player\u6839\u64da\u4f60\u7684resource name\u800c\u81ea\u884c\u66ff\u63db\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u55ae\u8907\u6578):<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
helpers<\/th>\nHTTP Verb<\/th>\n\u7522\u751f\u7684Path<\/th>\n\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684Action<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
teams_path<\/td>\nGET<\/td>\n\/teams<\/td>\nindex<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
team_path(id)<\/td>\nGET<\/td>\n\/teams\/1<\/td>\nshow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
new_team_path<\/td>\nGET<\/td>\n\/teams\/new<\/td>\nnew<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
teams_path<\/td>\nPOST<\/td>\n\/teams<\/td>\ncreate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
edit_team_path(id)<\/td>\nGET<\/td>\n\/teams\/1;edit<\/td>\nedit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
team_path(id)<\/td>\nPUT<\/td>\n\/teams\/1<\/td>\nupdate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
team_path(id)<\/td>\nDELETE<\/td>\n\/teams\/1<\/td>\ndestroy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\u800c Nested Resource \u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u8209\u4f8b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
helpers<\/th>\n\u7522\u751f\u7684Path<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
players_path(@team)<\/td>\n\/teams\/1\/players<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
player_path(@team, @player )<\/td>\n\/teams\/1\/players\/5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b helper\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u7522\u751f\u6309\u9215\u3001\u8d85\u9023\u7d50\u3001Ajax\u8d85\u9023\u7d50\u8ddf\u8868\u55ae\u00a0:<\/p>\n

button_to “Destroy”, team_path(@team), :confirm => “Are you sure?”, :method => :delete<\/p>\n

link_to “Destroy”, team_path(@team), :confirm => “Are you sure?”, :method => :delete<\/p>\n

link_to_remote “Destroy”, :url => team_path(@team), :confirm => “Are you sure?”, :method => :delete<\/p>\n

form_for :team, @team, :url => team_path(@team), :html => { :method => :put } do |f| …<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u56e0\u70ba\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u63f4 PUT \u8ddf DELETE\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f link_to \u662f\u7528 Javascript + DOM \u5728\u6309\u4e0b\u52d5\u4f5c\u6642\u751f\u6210\u8868\u55ae form\u00a0\u8ddf _method \u53c3\u6578\u7528 HTTP POST \u4f86\u6a21\u64ec\uff0c\u800c form_for \u662f\u5728 HTML \u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u96b1\u85cf\u7684 _method \u53c3\u6578\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u95dc\u5fc3 web accessibility \u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc link_to \u9664\u4e86HTTP GET\u4e4b\u5916\u90fd\u61c9\u6539\u7528 button_to\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u5373\u4f7f Javascript \u95dc\u9589\u4e86\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u9001\u51fa(\u56e0\u70ba button_to \u7684\u00a0_method \u53c3\u6578\u662f hard-code \u5728HTML form\u88e1)\u3002anyway… \u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab helper \u96b1\u85cf\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u7528\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u7528\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u8981\u6307\u5b9a HTTP verb \u6642\u53ea\u9700\u8a2d\u5b9a :method \u53c3\u6578\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6574\u7406\u4e00\u4e0bResourse\u7684 named routes\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1: collection \u7fa4\u96c6\u3001member \u67d0\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3001new \u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bcf\u7a2e\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u914d\u4e0d\u540c HTTP verb\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8207 Controller \u88e1\u7684\u00a0action \u914d\u5c0d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9810\u8a2d\u00a0\/teams + GET \u5c0d\u61c9 action index\u3001\/teams +\u00a0POST \u5c0d\u61c9 action create\u3001\/teams\/1 \u9810\u8a2d\u5c0d\u61c9 action show\u3001 \/teams\/new \u9810\u8a2d\u5c0d\u61c9 action new\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5be6\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86 GET\/POST\/PUT\/DELETE \u9019\u4e9b HTTP verb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a72 resourse \u9084\u6703\u9700\u8981\u5176\u5b83\u5ba2\u88fd\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u4e09\u985e\u5206\u5225\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0 method \u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5728\u00a0routes.rb \u5c0d\u8a72 resource \u52a0\u8a2d\u5b9a: \u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1(:collection\/:member\/:new)\u3001\u642d\u914d\u7684 Controller action \u662f\u54ea\u500b\u3001\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc HTTP verb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u65b0\u7684 named routes \u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5ba2\u88fd\u51fa helpers<\/th>\n\u7522\u751f\u7684 Path<\/th>\n\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684Action<\/th>\nMap Options\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/th>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u7684HTTP Verb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
sort_tags_path<\/td>\n\/tags;sort<\/td>\nsort<\/td>\n:collection => { :sort => :put }<\/td>\nPUT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
deactivate_tag_path(id)<\/td>\n\/tag\/1;deactivate<\/td>\ndeactivate<\/td>\n:member => { :deactivate => :delete }<\/td>\nDELETE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
preview_new_tag_path<\/td>\n\/tags\/new;preview<\/td>\npreview<\/td>\n:new => { :preview => :post }<\/td>\nPOST<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u89ba\u5f97 new \u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6709\u9ede\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u770b: new\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b(\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d)\u9084\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6c92\u6709id\u7684\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c member \u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u6709id\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

RESTful \u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u89d2\u662f format \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 respond_to \u4f86\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u8981\u600e\u9ebc\u8655\u7406:<\/p>\n

respond_to { |wants| wants.all | .text | .html | .js | .ics | .xml | .rss | .atom | .yaml }<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u5b83\u6703\u6839\u64da client \u7684\u8acb\u6c42(HTTP header\u7684 Accept\u00a0\u6216 Content-Type \u6216 URL\u4e2d\u526f\u6a94\u540d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c)\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
helpers<\/th>\n\u7522\u751f\u7684Path<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
formatted_teams_path(:xml)<\/td>\n\/teams.xml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
formatted_team_path(id,:rss)<\/td>\n\/teams\/1.rss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
formatted_players_path(@team,:atom)<\/td>\n\/teams\/1\/players.atom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
formatted_player_path(@team,@player, :js)<\/td>\n\/teams\/1\/players\/5.js<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
formatted_player_path(:team_id => 1, :id => 5, :format => :js )<\/td>\n\/teams\/1\/players\/5.js<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u770b\u4e0b\u4f86 Rails RESTful \u9664\u4e86\u6709\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9<\/a>\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u7684\u6163\u4f8b\u4f86\u7c21\u5316\u958b\u767c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u770b\u4f3c\u898f\u5247\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u7d44\u5408\u5f48\u6027\u5927\uff0c\u597d\u8655\u5f88\u591a(Consistency\/Simplicity\/Discoverability)\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9b54\u8853\u8b8a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u6c92\u6709 RESTful \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u8981\u4e0a\u624b\u7684\u96e3\u5ea6\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86(\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591awhy\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u7591\u554f…:p)\u3002<\/p>\n

by the way… G\u5c0fR\u88dd\u7528\u529f \u4e5f\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7 Rails RESTful \u521d\u63a2<\/a> \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u770b\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599:<\/p>\n