{"id":1768,"date":"2008-10-10T20:12:33","date_gmt":"2008-10-10T12:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihower.idv.tw\/blog\/?p=1768"},"modified":"2015-09-05T10:53:28","modified_gmt":"2015-09-05T02:53:28","slug":"memcached","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihower.tw\/blog\/1768-memcached","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 memcached \u505a\u5feb\u53d6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc memcached<\/a>\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c
\n\u4ecb<\/a>\u7d39<\/a>\uff0cDK\u5927\u795e\u4e5f\u6709\u9ede\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u9032\u968e\u8b70\u984c<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u8fd1\u770b\u4e86 Using memcached<\/a> PDF \u4e4b\u5f8c\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5be6\u6230\u6280\u5de7\u8ddf\u5982\u4f55\u8a2d\u8a08\u5feb\u53d6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u88dd\u597d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f
\n
\n* memcached -l 127.0.0.1 -P 11211 -m 128 -d<\/code> for deamon
\n* memcached -l 127.0.0.1 -P 11211 -m 128 -vv<\/code> for development debug
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

memcached \u662f\u4e00\u5957 Name-Value Pair(NVP) \u5206\u6563\u5f0f\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5feb\u53d6\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0cKey \u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728 250 characters\uff0c\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u904e 1 megabyte\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u8d85\u904e 1mb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u58d3\u7e2e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 Rails 2.1 \u88e1\u5c31\u5167\u5efa\u4e86 ActiveSupport::Cache::CompressedMemCacheStore\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86 memcached server\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 memcache client library \u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 Hashing algorithm \u6839\u64da Key \u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u53bb\u5b58\u53d6\u4e00\u53f0 memcached server (\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u53f0\u7684 memcached server \u7684\u8a71)\u3002Ruby \u7684 client \u76ee\u524d\u6aaf\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u5e7e\u5957 1. memcache-client<\/a> 2. fiveruns fork \u7248 memcache-client<\/a>\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d Hasing \u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u7528C\u6539\u5beb\u4e86 3. \u4f7f\u7528 libmemcached<\/a> \u7684\u8d85\u5feb memcached<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 client library\uff0cmemcached \u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5 telnet 127.0.0.1 11211 \u7684\u3002telnet \u4e4b\u5f8c\u6253 stats \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d71\u8a08\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7b46\u8cc7\u6599\u8ddf\u5171\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709 cmd_get \u8ddf cmd_hits\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa cache hit ratio\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u61c9\u8a72\u52aa\u529b\u5230\u4e5d\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4f60\u7684 cmd_set \u61c9\u8a72\u8d85\u904e cmd_get\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u7684 memcached \u6a19\u6e96\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709 SET (\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u662f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u500b\u503c)\u3001ADD(\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8a72key\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u65b0\u589e\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6210\u529f)\u3001REPLACE(\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8a72key\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u6210\u529f)\u3001GET(\u62ff\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528 memcached \u524d\uff0c\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684 cache\uff0cHTML \u7684\u6574\u9801\u5feb\u53d6\u61c9\u8a72\u7528 Web server\u3001\u7d14 SQL query result \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 MySQL \u5167\u5efa Query Cache<\/a>\uff0c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u4e0d\u932f (Cache Performance Comparison<\/a>\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6642\u5019\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u5feb\u53d6\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b SQL query \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u641e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u591a\u500b SQL query \u624d\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u53bb\u505a\u7d14\u5feb\u53d6 SQL query result \u6211\u500b\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0cRails \u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u5be6\u505a\u4e86query_memcached<\/a>\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f memcached \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f persistent data store\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u95dc\u6389 memcached server\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5c31\u6703\u901a\u901a\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u62ff\u4f86\u5132\u5b58 session authentication \u8cc7\u6599\u8981\u7279\u5225\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5beb memcached \u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8cc7\u6599\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u53d6? \u4e00\u500b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u6211\u8a72\u5feb\u53d6 HTML fragment \u9084\u662f\u7d14\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb? \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ecb\u9762\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u8655\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5feb\u53d6 HTML fragment \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5176\u5be6\u898f\u6a21\u7a0d\u5927\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u5176\u5be6\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u53d6\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64b0\u5beb\u4f7f\u7528 memcached \u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u6709\u6c92\u6709 key-value\uff0c\u6709\u5c31\u628a\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u8b80\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u5c31\u904b\u7b97\u7d50\u679c\u5f8c\u5b58\u5230 memcached sever\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u4efd\u7b97\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u5169\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6e05\u9664\u904e\u671f\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599(expire)\uff0c\u4e8c\u662fKey\u7684\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/strong>
\n
\n\u547d\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6163\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u662f ObjectName:ObjectType:Key \u6216\u662f\u8a72 SQL statement\uff0c\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86 Security \u907f\u514d\u88ab\u4eba\u731c\u5230 Key \u548c\u907f\u514d\u8d85\u904e 255 bytes \u7684 key \u9577\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u5c07 Key hash \u904e\u3002\u7576\u7136 Security \u7684\u6700\u597d\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8981\u6709\u9632\u706b\u7246\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u9023\u7684\u4e0a Port 11211\uff0c\u6709 Key \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b80\u7684\u5230\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0cmemcached server \u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8a8d\u8b49\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6e05\u9664\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u589e\/\u522a\u9664\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\uff0c\u9806\u4fbf\u522a\u6389\u9019\u500b\u5feb\u53d6 key-value\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e0b\u6b21 request \u4f86\u6642\u4fbf\u6703\u91cd\u65b0 \u5feb\u53d6\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u8a2d\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599(Reset)\u3002\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5225\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u7a0b\u5f0f)\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u53ef\u80fd memcachd \u88e1\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\uff0c\u89e3\u6cd5\u6709 1. \u6e05\u7a7a\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u6599 2. \u6709\u4e00\u96bb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5efa memcached \u88e1\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599 3. \u7d71\u4e00\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u77e5\u9053 memcached \u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7ad9\u5f88\u5927\uff0crace condition \u5c31\u6703\u662f\u500b\u6548\u80fd\u554f\u984c\u4e86\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6709\u591a\u500b request \u540c\u6642\u53bb\u66f4\u65b0\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6539\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\u5728\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u91cd\u8a2d(Reset)\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u6839\u672c\u9084\u4e0d\u5728\u5feb\u53d6\u88e1\u7684\u8a71\u554f\u984c\u9084\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b lock \u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u6709\u6c92\u6709 lock entry\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8a71\u5148\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u6293\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u8a71\u5c31\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u522a\u9664 lock entry\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u505a\u62db\u6578\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684 client library \u652f\u63f4 ADD \u64cd\u4f5c(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8a72 key \u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6703\u5931\u6557)\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u7528 ADD key:lock \u6c7a\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u5225\u7684 process \u5728\u7528\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u8a71\u5c31 SET key\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c DELETE delete key:lock\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c client library \u53ea\u652f\u63f4 GET \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u5148 GET key:lock\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u503c\u5c31 SET key:lock (\u6709\u7684\u8a71\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u9396\u4f4f\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u7a0d\u7b49)\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599 SET key\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c DELETE key:lock\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u6bd4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u591a\u4e00\u500b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bbPDF\u7684 Source Code<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f09\uff0c\u5728 \/LinuxBasics\/memcachedUpdateCalendarOfEvents-3.pl\u3002(well, it’s perl code)<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u63a1\u7528\u4e3b\u52d5\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u904e\u671f\u6642\u9593(expire time)\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4f60\u6709\u591a\u5e38\u8b80\u53d6\/\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8d8a\u5e38\u66f4\u65b0 expire time \u5c31\u8d8a\u77ed\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u4f8b\u5982\u9996\u9801\u6bcf\u9694\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u624d\u63db\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8ddf\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u88e1\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u5167\u96d6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u53f0\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u9694\u4e94\u5206\u9418\u91cd\u7d44\u9801\u9762\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u6c7a\u4f7f\u7528 expire time \u65b9\u5f0f\u4ecd\u6703\u6709\u7684 race condition \u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u62db\u662f proactive cache refill\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u53e6\u5916\u7d00\u9304\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4 expire \u9031\u671f\u9084\u77ed\u7684 refresh time\uff0c\u5982\u679c refresh time \u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7121\u8ad6\u4f55\u6642\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6709 client \u8981\u4e0d\u5230\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f rece condition\u3002\u9019\u62db\u5927\u7d55\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u5728 \/LinuxBasics\/memcachedRollingCalendarOfEvents.pl\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8ddf\u67e5\u8a62\u90fd\u5f88\u6975\u7aef\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c08\u9580\u53bb\u6488\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u57f7\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\u53d6\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4e3b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u62ff\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u5373\u53ef(\u552f\u4e00\u6703\u53bb\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6488\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6642)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8b70\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7fa4\u96c6\u8ddf\u500b\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u90fd\u5feb\u53d6\u6703\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u5011\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6642\u5feb\u53d6\u4e86 People.find(:all) \u8ddf Person.find(1)\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5c31\u91cd\u8907\u5b58\u4e86 Person.find(1)\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5efa\u8b70\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\u53ea\u7576\u4f5c\u6307\u6a19(pointer)\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7fa4\u96c6\u53ea\u5feb\u53d6\u4e86\u6240\u6709 Person \u7684 ID \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u7562\u7adf\u55ae\u9805\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\u91cd\u8907\u4f7f\u7528(reuse)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8655\u7406\u66f4\u65b0\u5feb\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u751f\u500b\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7fa4\u96c6\u5fd8\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a71\u8aaa\u96d6\u7136 memcached \u6709\u63d0\u4f9b ADD\/REPLACE \u64cd\u4f5c(\u6839\u64daKey\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5132\u5b58\u5feb\u53d6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4f60\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8655\u7406 error code \u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba“\u5feb\u53d6”\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e0d\u56de\u61c9(noreply)<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f60\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u5fc3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f60\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0d\u5728\u5feb\u53d6\u88e1 (\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5c31\u7b97\u4f60\u7684 memcached server \u90fd\u95dc\u6389\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6162\u800c\u5df2)\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u80fd\u662f expire time \u5230\u4e86? \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86? \u88ab\u522a\u9664\u4e86? \u6216\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728? \u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72 SET \u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u4ed8\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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